Nozzle for liquid discharge



Jan. 11, 1944. F. J. WIEGAND 2,338,388

NOZZLE FOR LIQUID DISCHARGE Filed Nov. 12, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet l INVENTOR FRANCIS J. WIEGAND Jan. 11, 1944. J wlEGAND 2,338,888

NOZZLE FOR LIQUID DISCHARGE Filed Nov. 12, 1941 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 36 Q26 /Z5E,/Z8 J4 /Z6 5 ,27 E W J3 i; 54

INVENTOR ATTORNEY Patented Jan. 11, 1944 Francis J. Wiegand, Ridgew'omL'N. 1., minor Wright Aeronautical Corporation, a corporation of Newlork "ApplicationiNovember12,1941, Serial No.418,663 w mation in the induction system under certain atmospheric conditions. Reduction of ice accretion, or prevention of ice formation, may be effected by the introduction of alcohol or other suitable solvents into the airstream. It is one of the objects of this invention to provide a nozzle system by which a minimum quantity of de-icing liquid may be distributed into an induction sysor in preventing object of the invention to provide zle which, if it becomes iced, will quickly free itself of ice as the de-icing liquid is delivered to it. A further object is to provide an improved form of elastic fluid discharge nozzle which will be liquid-tight when the liquid pressure is nil or low and will discharge liquid as the pressure of liquid is raised to a suitable value. Byv this arrangement, 9, distributing system may be maintained full'of liquid at all times without possible drainage when flow of liquid is not desired. A further object of the invention is to provide a multiple nozzle system for delivery of small quantities of liquid, wherein the liquid delivery from all of the several nozzles will be substantially the same.

Further objects of -the invention will become apparent in reading the detailed description below in connection with the drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 is a plan view, partly in section, showing a de-icing liquid distributor;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of a distributor;

Fig. 3 isan enlarged section through a portion of the distributor showing one of the nozzle units in detail;

- Fig. 4 is a schematic elevation of an aircraft engine showing the disposition of the distributor therein and showing a de-icing liquid supply 111; a Figs. 5 and 6 are enlarged sectionsthrough-alternate arrangements of fluid discharge nozzles; Fig. 7 is a p1an-0f the arrangement of 5;

a is a plan or the arrangement sings. a

or6. Referring first 4, a radial cylinder aircraft engine is shown,'the crankcase section being designated II; and the rear section beingdesignated 1 i. induction system comprises ,an

washer and disc rcmms (CL26118) to elastic nozzles for air scoop or conduit i2 feeding a carburetor ii.

the fuel-air mixture fromthe carburetor passin through an adapter II to the rear s tion ii and thence through induction pipes l5 to the engine cylinders. Between the conduit l2 and the car-- buretor I3, I dispose a a plurality of fluid discharge nozzles therearound to discharge liquid in a uniform pattern across the carburetor air intake. The ring it is fed with d -icing fluid from a selectively operable pump is fed in turn from aliquid reservoir 2.. Alternatively fluid pressure may be obtained by other means, and a .valve may be used to control liquid delivery to the distributor. The nozzle I8 is shown enlarged in Fig. 3. The inner wall of the ring I! is drilled as atzl and is counterbored, as at 22 to form a shoulder 23. A disc of rubber or the like, designated 24, is seated on the shoulder 23 and a washer 25 is placed thereover. Then, a lock screw 28 is screwed intothe counterbore 22 to. secure the in position. The center of the disc is pierced to form a hole 21 whichserves as ,a' discharge nozzle. This hole, when the disc 24 is flat, will either be closed or of such small size as to prohibit the passage of liquid when the liquid pressure is either nil or low. When the p mp is (Fig. 4) is started, liquid pressure is built up in the ring it which will press the disc 24 outwardly as shown in dotted lines in Fig. 3. thereby distending the hole ll to allowfor fluid the several discs 24 of all of the several nozzle units II are uniform in character, the amount of liquid discharge will be uniform and the spray from all of the nozzleswill traverse the airpassage within the ring so that a substantially homogeneous mixture of air and de-icing liquid is formed thereby preventing ice formation or dissolving ice accretions which may have formed prior to starting of the pump 19..

Should ice have formed over the nozzle units It prior to pump starting, the distortion ofthe discs 24 as fluid pressure builds up in the ring "will crack oft-the; ice with-minimum delay to allow of the de-icing fu'nctionabove mentioned. In Fig,- 5 an alternate nozzle assemblyltis shown wherein a valve disc 29 is flrst pressed against the shoulder 21, t i y -l e disc havinga central raised rounded valve portion ill and a plurality of holes 3i disposed therearoimd forming free fl idpass ses. A rubber disc 32 is placed over the valvedisc-la, and is cl ped, at its periphery by the screwii. ,At its edge, the disc is provided with a shoulder 33 engaged by a complemcntary shoulder 34 formed on the washer 25 to prevent the edges of the disc from drawing inwardly. Under static conditions, the hole 21 in the disc 32 comprises a valve seat engaging the valve 30 of the disc 29, closing the nozzle against fluid discharge. As pressure rises on the upstream side of the nozzle, the disc 32 is pushed away from the 'valve 30 and fluid may discharge through the hole 27. In this environment, the hole 21 may have positive area. under static conditions and need not seal closed since the valve 3| prevents fluid exit.

Fig. 6 shows an alternate nozzle 38 which is different from those previously described only in the form of the rubber discharge member. In thisinstance, the rubber designated as 39 has a preformed hump to like that of a nursing bottle. The central part of {this element may be provided either with a hole as in the previous embodiment or with a slit 40. Preferably, the upstream side of the rubber should .be in compression to seal the opening 40 under static conditions. As soon as liquid pressure is applied, the element 39 is distended outwardly to open the hole or slit 40 to allow of liquid discharge.

The embodiments of Figs. 3 and may likewise be provided with slits instead of holes centrally thereof. When the term "rubber is used herein, it refers not only to natural rubber but to any known or contemplated synthetic rubber or rubber substitute having the general physical properties associated with natural rubber.

A plurality of rubber nozzles of the character disclosed constitute a considerable improvement over multiple nozzles of the prior art particularly where the total rate of fluid flow through the assembly is small. The nozzle openings of these rubber elements will adjust themselves to the fluid discharge established by the pump l9 or its equivalent so that a fine spray of liquid is delivered regardless of the rate of liquid delivery. If solid metallic nozzles were used, they would have a fixed nozzle area and their efl'ec- 45 tiveness would depend upon liquid pressure in the system. If the pressure were too low, the liquid would" merely dribble from the nozzles without forming an effective spray into the carburetor airstream. Furthermore, where the total quantity of liquid to be delivered is small, and. where it must be divided up among a plurality of nozzles, the size of the holes in individual nozzles would be extremely small and therefore the nozzles would be difflcult to manufacture and would have poor characteristics for uniformity of flow. Such nozzles also would be easily damaged and would not have the characteristic mentioned heretofore of automatically freeing themselves of foreign matter on the upstream side of the system or ice accretion on the downstream side of the system,

While I have describedmy invention in detail in its present preferred embodiment, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art, after understanding my invention, that various changes and modifications may be made therein without'departing from the spirit or scope thereof. I aim in the appended claims to cover all such modillcations and changes.

I claim as my invention:

1. A liquid discharge nozzle comprising an annular receptacle having a shoulder, a member seated thereon ton formed centrally of the member, the memins comprise a nipple not un-.

having a projecting valve butber having openings for free passage of liquid therethrough, a diaphragm of rubber or the like stretched over the button on said member and having a perforation alined with and closed by said button, and means to secure said diaphragm in said receptacle; said diaphragm when subjected to liquid pressure, stretching away from said button to open said perforation for liquid passage therethrough.

2. In an engine induction system comprising a conduit, a hollow ring member embracing said conduit and having a plurality of outlet o'penings disposed around said conduit, a resilient diaphragm of rubber or like material secured across each outlet opening, each diaphragm having a small hole therein, and means to supply a deicing fluid under pressure to said hollow member to expand said diaphragms and enlarge the holes therein in accordance with the pressure at each diaphragm to allow proper ejection of the fluid through .the holes into the conduit, the holes in said resilient diaphragms being of such size as to be substantially closed when the fluid pressure supply means is not operating.

3. In an engine induction system comprising a conduit, a hollow member embracing at least a portion of said conduit, a plurality of nozzles spaced along the inner wall of said member, said nozzles comprising perforated resilient diaphragms of rubber or like material, and means to supply a de-icing fluid under pressure to said hollow member to distend said diaphragms and enlarge said perforations in accordance with the pressure at each diaphragm, whereby the deicing fluid is ejected through said perforations into said conduit, the perforations in said diaphragms being of such size as to be substantially closed when said pressure fluid is not being supplied to said hollow member.

4. In an aircraft engine induction system comprising a conduit, a hollow member embracing at least a substantial portion of said conduit, means to supply de-icing fluid under pressure to said hollow member, a plurality of nozzles disposed along said member for discharging deicing fluid into said conduit, each of said nozzles comprising a perforated diaphragm of rubber or like material, said diaphragms yielding and enlarging their perforations upon the application of de-icing fluid pressure thereto, each of said nozzles being arranged to substantially close when said de-iclng fluid pressure is not applied to maintain de-icing fluid within said hollow member by preventing leakage of de-icing fluid out through the perforations in said nozzle diaphragms.

5. In an aircraft engine induction system comprising a conduit, a hollow member embracing at least a substantial portion of saidconduit, means to supply fluid under pressure to said hollow member, a plurality of nozzles disposed along said member for discharging fluid into said conduit, each'of said nozzles comprising a perforated diaphragm of rubber or like material, means to supply fluid under pressure to said hollow member to expand said diaphragms and enlarge the perforations therein in accordance with the pressure at each diaphragm to provide for proper ejection of the fluid through the diaphragm perforations into the conduit, each of said nozzles being arranged to substantially close when said fluid pressure is not applied to maintain fluid within said hollow member by preventing leakage'of fluid out through the perforations in said nozzle diaphragms.

6. In an aircraft engine induction system comprising a conduit, a hollow member embracing at least a substantial portion of said conduit, means to supply de-icing fluid under pressure to said hollow member, a plurality of nozzles disposed along said member for discharging deicing fluid into said conduit, each of said nozzles comprising a valve seat and a diaphragm of rubber or like material stretched over said valve seat and having a perforation alined with said seat, whereby said diaphragms are adapted to stretch away from said seat and enlarge their perforations upon the application of de-icing fluid pressure thereto and when said de-icing fluid pressure is not applied the engagement of said diaphragms with their associated valve seats maintains de-icing fluid within said hollow member by preventing leakage of de-icing fluid out through the perforations in said diaphragms.

'7. A liquid discharge nozzle comprising an annular receptacle, a member secured therein having a centrally disposed projecting valve button formed thereon, a diaphragm of rubber or the like stretched over said valve button and having a perforation alined with and closed by said button, means to secure said diaphragm in said receptacle, and means to deliver liquid under pressure to the supply side of said diaphragm, said diaphragm when subjected to liquid pressure, stretching away from said button to open said perforation for the lassage of liquid therethrough.

FRANCIS J. WIEGAND. 

